In the presence if UV light, halogens will react with alkanes (producing haloalkanes). When this reaction occurs, a hydrocarbon atom from the alkane is replaced by the halogen (chlorine or bromine). This is known as a substitution reaction...
methane + bromine ---> bromomethane + Hydrogen bromine
NOTE: The reaction must have UV light to work, just like photosynthesis can't work without light, substitution reactions will not work without UV light.
A blog covering and explaining the Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry specification for the 2016 summer exams. If you are doing just double science, you do not need to learn the stuff for paper two, if you are doing triple you will need to learn all (GOOD LUCK!) I have separated the papers to make files easier to find. Hope it helps :)
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