1.3 explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during these interconversions.

Solid > Liquid

particles gain more energy therefore the particles move around more, but are still touching

Liquid > Gas

particles gain even more energy therefore the particles move around even more, the bonds break apart and the m=particles 'fly' around, sometimes colliding with each other, they are no longer bonded together/touching

1.2 understand how the inter conventions of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall the names used for these inter conventions

Firstly, it is important to understand that physical changes dont change the particles, just their arrangement or their energy.

The Processes

Solid to liquid - when a solid is heated, its particles gain more energy, this makes the particles vibrate more which weakens the forces that hold a solid together, this makes the solid expand. At a certain temperature, known as 'boiling point' (different for different substances), the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions.

Liquid to gas - when a liquid is heated, the particles gain more energy, this energy makes the particles move faster which weakens and BREAKS the bonds holding the liquid together. At a certain temperature (different for different substances), the particles have enough energy to break their bonds.

NOTE: for our exams, we do not need to know sublimation or deposition (:

1.1 understand the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in each of te three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas

Solid

- particles touch
- particles have little energy
- particles do not move much (vibrate a little)

Liquid

- particles touch
- particles have more energy than solid (but less than gas)
- particles move over each other but are always touching at least one other particle

Gas

- particles are not touching, though they may frequently collide
- particles have a great amount of energy
- they move a lot